Istanbul Airport: Difference between revisions

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Istanbul Airport (IATA: IST, ICAO: LTFM) is the biggest airport in Turkiye. Located in north west of Istanbul, the airport is the busiest and biggest airport in Europe as per 2022 statistics of EuroControl<ref>https://www.eurocontrol.int/publication/eurocontrol-comprehensive-aviation-assessment-archive-2022</ref>. The airport has 6 runways<ref>Runway 09 is operational (since 18.09.2026)</ref>, fuel farm, dedicated cargo area consisting of 5 apron (29 heavy stands), several warehouses and facilities (biggest one being Turkish Cargo followed by DHL and UPS), and is home to world's biggest airport terminal (under one roof).  
Istanbul Airport (IATA: IST, ICAO: LTFM) is the biggest airport in Turkiye. Located in north west of Istanbul, the airport is the busiest and biggest airport in Europe as per 2022 statistics of EuroControl<ref>https://www.eurocontrol.int/publication/eurocontrol-comprehensive-aviation-assessment-archive-2022</ref>. The airport has 6 runways<ref>Runway 09 is operational (since 18.09.2026)</ref>, fuel farm, dedicated cargo area consisting of 5 apron (29 heavy stands), several warehouses and facilities (biggest one being Turkish Cargo followed by DHL and UPS), and is home to world's biggest airport terminal (under one roof).  


The airport has not been completed. As of January 2023, only Phase 1a and 1b is finished. The final phase of the airport includes 8 runways, 2 terminals with 1 satellite terminal with up to 200 million passenger/year capacity.   
The airport has not been completed. As of September 2026, Phase 1a, 1b and 2 is finished. The final phase of the airport includes 8 runways, 2 terminals with 1 satellite terminal with up to 200 million passenger/year capacity.   
[[File:Istanbul Airport Current and Planned Layout.png|thumb|Istanbul Airport Current and Planned Layout]]
[[File:LTFM COMPLETE.png|thumb|Istanbul Airport Complete Plan]]


== Sceneries ==
== Sceneries ==
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|Aerosoft
|Aerosoft
|https://secure.simmarket.com/aerosoft-airport-istanbul-x-plane-11.phtml
|https://secure.simmarket.com/aerosoft-airport-istanbul-x-plane-11.phtml
|-
|X-Plane 12
|Aerosoft
|Aerosoft
|https://store.x-plane.org/Airport-Istanbul-XP_p_1443.html
|-
|-
|Microsoft Flight Simulator 2020
|Microsoft Flight Simulator 2020
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OR
OR
https://secure.simmarket.com/scenerytr-istanbul-airport-ltfm_msfs.phtml
https://secure.simmarket.com/scenerytr-istanbul-airport-ltfm_msfs.phtml
|-
|Microsoft Flight Simulator 2024
|SceneryTR
|SimMarket
|https://secure.simmarket.com/scenerytr-istanbul-airport-ltfm_msfs-(de_16986).phtml
|}
|}


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(uses default Arc)
(uses default Arc)
|1B
|1B
|-
|Alternative*
(no Arc usage)
<nowiki>*</nowiki>''not applicable to SISPI, INBET and DRAMO STARs''
|1M
|-
|Alternative*
(no Arc usage - opposite side of 1M arrival)
<nowiki>*</nowiki>''only applicable to RIXEN STAR''
|1W
|-
|-
|Alternative*
|Alternative*
(uses opposite Arc)  
(uses opposite Arc)  


<nowiki>*</nowiki>''not applicable to RILEX STARs''
<nowiki>*</nowiki>''not applicable to AYTEK, RILEX, NUGBA and KANQO  STARs''
|1P
|1P
|-
|-
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(uses same Arc as 1B (if original Arc is West, still uses the West Arc) but from opposite entry)  
(uses same Arc as 1B (if original Arc is West, still uses the West Arc) but from opposite entry)  


<nowiki>*</nowiki>''not applicable to RILEX, RIXEN, SISPI STARs''
<nowiki>*</nowiki>''not applicable to RILEX, RIXEN, NUGBA, KANQO, SISPI, INBET and DRAMO STARs''
|1R
|1R
|}<nowiki>*</nowiki>Alternative: Only used by ATC.
|}<nowiki>*</nowiki>Alternative: Only used by ATC.
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=== Transitions and Approach Phase ===
=== Transitions and Approach Phase ===
As mentioned previously, Istanbul Airport utilizes Point-Merge System. Each PMS leads to last point of the STAR and '''the entry point of the approach transition'''. For northern config, IAF for west PMS is ''IMREN'', for east config it is ''SADIK''. For south config, IAF for west PMS is ''INSTA'' and for east PMS it is ''DIVDI''. '''Flying the correct transition is crucial and must'''. Each pilot is responsible for selecting the correct transition. This transition is '''NOT a STAR''' transition but transition for the approach procedure. There are different approach procedures and each has different transition phase (both laterally and vertically), go around procedure and used differently to streamline the independent parallel approach procedure . As a pilot, you must make sure you have programmed your FMS using the correct approach procedure and transition. '''Each pilot is responsible for selecting and flying the correct transition whether ATC is online or not.''' Since transitions are a must as they play a crucial role in the independent parallel approach procedure, pilot's must fly the transition both laterally and vertically at all times. If the transition is not selected correctly in the aircraft's FMS, the plane will fly directly to FAF, skipping the transition completely. This is not allowed for approach procedure into Istanbul as each approach procedure and transition is very different than one another, both laterally and vertically. You can see an example of how ILS-X and ILS-Z transition differs from the pictures (you can see they are both laterally and vertically different).
As mentioned previously, Istanbul Airport utilizes Point-Merge System. Each PMS leads to last point of the STAR and '''the entry point of the approach transition'''. For northern config, IAF for west PMS is ''IMREN'' and ''NEWPE'', for east config it is ''SADIK''. For south config, IAF for west PMS is ''INSTA'' and for east PMS it is ''ULQAL'' and ''GAZGE''. '''Flying the correct transition is crucial and must'''. Each pilot is responsible for selecting the correct transition. This transition is '''NOT a STAR''' transition but transition for the approach procedure. There are different approach procedures and each has different transition phase (both laterally and vertically), go around procedure and used differently to streamline the independent parallel approach procedure . As a pilot, you must make sure you have programmed your FMS using the correct approach procedure and transition. '''Each pilot is responsible for selecting and flying the correct transition whether ATC is online or not.''' Since transitions are a must as they play a crucial role in the independent parallel approach procedure, pilot's must fly the transition both laterally and vertically at all times. If the transition is not selected correctly in the aircraft's FMS, the plane will fly directly to FAF, skipping the transition completely. This is not allowed for approach procedure into Istanbul as each approach procedure and transition is very different than one another, both laterally and vertically.
[[File:SOUTH TRS1.png|thumb|335x335px|ILS-Z South Config Approach (showing INSTA, ULQAL and GAZGE transitions)]]
[[File:SOUTH TRS1.png|thumb|335x335px|ILS-Z South Config Approach (showing INSTA, ULQAL and GAZGE transitions)]]


== Ground Layout ==
== Ground Layout ==
Istanbul airport is on the list of biggest airports as per surface area, with staggering 76.5 million m<sup>2</sup> of land area. The airport has 5 runways, 34L/16R, 34R/16L, 35L/17R, 35R/17L and 36/18. Between RWYs 34 and 35, the main MRO and cargo area can be found. Between RWY 35 and 36, main passenger terminal and the stands can be found. Most gates and stands utilize MARS (Multiple Aircraft Ramp System). This increases the efficiency and gate usage significantly. With the MARS system, one gate can be shared by either 2 small to medium aircraft or 1 heavy (widebody) aircraft. In Istanbul Airport, MARS system uses L (as left) and R (as right) abbreviations for medium/split gates. For instance B4 gate is used by either 1 heavy aircraft or 2 medium aircrafts use B4L (Gate B 4 Left) and B4R (Gate B 4 Right).
Istanbul airport is on the list of biggest airports as per surface area, with staggering 76.5 million m<sup>2</sup> of land area. The airport has 5 runways, 34L/16R, 34R/16L, 35L/17R, 35R/17L and 36/18. Between RWYs 34 and 35, the main MRO and cargo area can be found. Between RWY 35 and 36, main passenger terminal and the stands can be found. Most gates and stands utilize MARS (Multiple Aircraft Ramp System). This increases the efficiency and gate usage significantly. With the MARS system, one gate can be shared by either 2 small to medium aircraft or 1 heavy (widebody) aircraft. In Istanbul Airport, MARS system uses L (as left) and R (as right) abbreviations for medium/split gates. For instance B4 gate is used by either 1 heavy aircraft or 2 medium aircrafts use B4L (Gate B 4 Left) and B4R (Gate B 4 Right).
[[File:LT AD 2 LTFM ADC en 2022-08-11.png|center|thumb|900x900px|LTFM Aerodrome Chart]]
[[File:LT AD 2 LTFM ADC en-1.png|center|thumb|900x900px|LTFM Aerodrome Chart<ref>September 2026</ref>]]


=== Main Passenger Terminal and Terminal Contact Apron ===
=== Main Passenger Terminal and Terminal Contact Apron ===
[[File:LT AD 2 LTFM PRKG 01 en 2022-08-11.png|thumb|Main Passenger Terminal and Terminal Contact Apron]]Passenger terminal at Istanbul Airport both house international and domestic traffic. The gates are split into piers and identifiers.  
[[File:LT AD 2 LTFM PRKG 01 en-1.png|thumb|Main Passenger Terminal and Terminal Contact Apron<ref>September 2026</ref>]]
Passenger terminal at Istanbul Airport both house international and domestic traffic. The gates are split into piers and identifiers.  
[[File:IST airport terminal layout departures.png|thumb|Terminal split showing international and domestic areas]]  
[[File:IST airport terminal layout departures.png|thumb|Terminal split showing international and domestic areas]]  
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
Line 2,106: Line 2,129:
|-
|-
|1A
|1A
|Arrival traffic vacating RWY 34L shall cross 34R and use taxiways A, A3, E1, D3, E, N1 and F and hold position at clearance limit given by ATC.
|Arrival traffic vacating RWY 34L shall cross 34R and use taxiways A, A3, E1, D3, E and hold position at clearance limit given by ATC.
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |RWY 16R
! colspan="2" |RWY 16R
Line 2,114: Line 2,137:
|-
|-
|1A
|1A
|Arrival traffic vacating RWY 16R, shall cross 16L and use taxiways A, A3, E1, D3, E, N1 and F and hold position at clearance limit given by ATC.
|Arrival traffic vacating RWY 16R, shall cross 16L and use taxiways A, A3, E1, D3, E and hold position at clearance limit given by ATC.
|}
|}
<gallery widths="480" heights="666" style="text-align:center">
<gallery widths="480" heights="666" style="text-align:center">
File:LT AD 2 LTFM GMC 01 en 2022-03-24.png|RWY 34L
File:LT AD 2 LTFM GMC 01 en 2022-03-24.png|RWY 34L - ARR1A
File:LT AD 2 LTFM GMC 02 en 2022-03-24.png|RWY 16R
File:LT AD 2 LTFM GMC 02 en 2022-03-24.png|RWY 16R - ARR1A
</gallery>
</gallery>