[[File:Istanbul TWR.jpg|thumb|Istanbul Airport ATC Tower]]
Istanbul Airport (IATA: IST, ICAO: LTFM) is the biggest airport in Turkiye. Located in north west of Istanbul, the airport is the busiest and biggest airport in Europe as per 2022 statistics of EuroControl<ref>https://www.eurocontrol.int/publication/eurocontrol-comprehensive-aviation-assessment-archive-2022</ref>. The airport has 5 runways, fuel farm, dedicated cargo area consisting of 5 apron (29 heavy stands), several warehouses and facilities (biggest one being Turkish Cargo followed by DHL and UPS), and is home to world's biggest airport terminal (under one roof).

The airport has not been completed. As of January 2023, only Phase 1a and 1b is finished. The final phase of the airport includes 8 runways, 2 terminals with 1 satellite terminal with up to 200 million passenger/year capacity.
[[File:Istanbul Airport Current and Planned Layout.png|thumb|Istanbul Airport Current and Planned Layout]]

== Sceneries ==

=== Payware ===
There are multiple payware options depending on the simulator for Istanbul Airport. You can find more information from the table below.
{| class="wikitable"
!Simulator
!Developer
!Publisher
!Links
|-
|P3D v4/v5
|SceneryTR
|SimMarket
|https://secure.simmarket.com/scenerytr-stanbul-airport-ltfm.phtml
|-
|X-Plane 11
|SceneryTR/SimPort Team
|Aerosoft
|https://secure.simmarket.com/aerosoft-airport-istanbul-x-plane-11.phtml
|-
|Microsoft Flight Simulator 2020
|SceneryTR
|SimMarket
|Can be bought from MarketPlace
OR
https://secure.simmarket.com/scenerytr-istanbul-airport-ltfm_msfs.phtml
|}

=== Freeware ===
[[File:FlightSimulator 2023-01-11 17-09-58.png|thumb|SceneryTR - Istanbul Airport in Microsoft Flight Simulator 2020]]
There are also freeware options available for Istanbul Airport. However there is significant difference in quality.
{| class="wikitable"
!Simulator
!Developer
!Publisher
!Links
|-
|FSX/P3D
|Hakan Dağhan, Kamil Uzun, Erman Gökman Piliçoğlu, Muhteşem Fırtına Özçınar
|Turkish Virtual
|https://turkishvirtual.com/turkishvirtual_LTFM_scenerys.asp
|-
|X-Plane 11
|Mali Öğüdücü, Hayri Büberci, Kamil Uzun, Muhteşem Fırtına Özçınar
|Turkish Virtual
|https://turkishvirtual.com/turkishvirtual_LTFM_scenerys.asp
|-
|Microsoft Flight Simulator 2020
|Hayri Büberci, Mali Öğüdücü, Kamil Uzun, Muhteşem Fırtına Özçınar
|Turkish Virtual
|https://turkishvirtual.com/turkishvirtual_LTFM_scenerys.asp
|}

== Preferential Runway System (PRS) ==
The term “Preferential RWY System (PRS)” shall be used to indicate the runway that, at a particular time, is considered by the ATC unit to be the most suitable for use by the aircraft expected to land at or take-off from the aerodrome, by taking into consideration aircraft performance, surface wind speed and its components. PRS Operations contribute to the optimum use of airspace and aerodrome capacity.<blockquote><big>The Preferential Runways in Istanbul Airport (LTFM) are north configuration runways (34L/R & 35L/R & 36)</big></blockquote>
{| class="wikitable"
!RWYCC (Runway Condition Code)
!Tail Wind Component (max)
|-
|RWYCC 6/6/6
(dry, maximum braking)
|10 KT (included)
|-
|When RWYCC is reported at least 5 for any each runway third
(worse than dry, low braking
|5 KT (included)
|}

# In the PRS operations, the above wind criteria depending on the runway surface condition shall be applied.
# During the PRS operations, ATC unit takes into account the ground wind, traffic situation, local meteorological conditions, environmental restrictions, technical infrastructure, noise abatement, etc.
# PRS operations will not be available under the following circumstances:
#* The instrument approach/departure procedures available for the preferred RWY(s) are not convenient for landing and/ or take-off operations under the existing meteorological conditions
#* When the preferred RWY(s) are '''dry''' (RWYCC<ref>Runway Condition Code</ref> 6/6/6), '''the tail wind component is greater than 10 Kt''',
#* When RWYCC is reported at least 5 for any each the preferred RWY(s) third, the tail wind component is greater than 5 Kt,
#* When RWYCC is reported at least 5 for any each the preferred RWY(s) third, there is a NOTAM/equivalent information (which may be included in the RCR) stating that the runway is slippery, ATIS announcement when PRS Operations are in progress shall be; “Preferential Runway Operations are in Progress”.
#* RWYCC is reported 4 or less any each the preferred RWY(s) third,
#* Meteorological conditions such as heavy rainfall, thunderstorm or wind-shear has been reported on the approach or climb path of the preferred RWY(s),
#* Low visibility operations are in progress.
# ATIS announcement when PRS Operations are in progress shall be; “Preferential Runway Operations are in Progress”.
# Pilots unable to comply with PRS Operations shall notify the relevant ATC unit at the time of requesting start-up clearance, at the first contact or 20 minutes in advance of the ETA (which is earlier).

== Arrival Procedures ==

=== Introduction ===
Istanbul Airport is located within Istanbul TMA (Terminal Manoeuvring Area). Istanbul TMA covers Istanbul Airport (LTFM), Sabiha Gokcen Airport (LTFJ), Ataturk Airport (LTBA), Samandira Airbase (LTBX), Corlu Ataturk Airport (LTBU), Hezarfen Municipal Airport (LTBW), Cengiz Topel Airport (LTBQ), Bursa Yunuseli Airport (LTBE) and Bursa Yenisehir Airport (LTBR). There are several more airports within the TMA however they are so small and not known that they are never used in VATSIM.

Istanbul Airport utilizes RNAV in all of its STAR procedures. In addition, P-RNAV (''Precision-Area Navigation, RNP1'') capability is required. If unable, pilot '''must''' inform the controller so that aircraft can be given radar vectors to final. Arrival into Istanbul Airport might seem complicated to some pilots however it is actually very simple. LTFM STARs utilize PMS (Point Merge System) for efficient airspace control, separation, and to control traffic flow within Yesilkoy TMA. All STARs utilize idle descent philosophy until PMS entry. These point merge systems act as an arc of a circle and ease air traffic control.

Important things to keep in mind:

* Vacating aircraft has priority at the intersection of the parallel taxiway. Which means, if you are vacating a RWY using rapid exit, the traffic on G, for example, should stop for you.
* After the runway is vacated, '''do not report vacated''' to TWR* and '''DO NOT STOP''' on rapid-exit taxiways.
* For runway 34L/16R, after landing cross 34R/16L, then join taxiway A to the south direction and contact GND.
* For runway 35R/17L, vacate to the C taxiway then contact GND without stopping.
* For runway 36/18, traffics should '''not''' vacate via G11 and G12 taxiways. Instead, pilots should use the rapid exit taxiways to G taxiway then contact GND.
<nowiki>*</nowiki>''unless LVP is in progress. Check next section for more details.''

=== Low Visibility Procedure ===
When LVP are in progress, every traffic '''must''' report "'''''Vacated'''''" to the TWR, as verbal confirmation from the traffic is mandatory and for the TWR to know the runway is available for the next traffic.

=== STARs ===
The STARs at Istanbul airport are designed to be ambiguous between the active runways. For instance, if northern config is active, RILEX2A STAR will end at '''IMREN''' waypoint, and '''IMREN''' is ''IAF'' (Initial Approach Fix) for all approach procedures for all northern runways. This means, whether you land at 34L, 35R or 36 (when north config is active), you still use the same STAR procedure for all runways. You can find the STAR designator table on the next page.
{| class="wikitable"
!Active Runway Configuration
|-
!North Config
|-
|
{| class="wikitable"
!Type
!STARs
|-
|Standard
(uses default Arc)
|2A
|-
|Alternative*
(uses opposite Arc)

<nowiki>*</nowiki>''not applicable to DRAMO and INBET STARs''
|2N
|-
|Alternative*
(uses same Arc as 2A (if original Arc is West, still uses the West Arc) but from opposite entry)

<nowiki>*</nowiki>''not applicable to DRAMO and INBET STARs''
|2Q
|}<nowiki>*</nowiki>Alternative: Only used by ATC.
|-
!South Config
|-
|
{| class="wikitable"
!Type
!STARs
|-
|Standard
(uses default Arc)
|2B
|-
|Alternative*
(uses opposite Arc)

<nowiki>*</nowiki>''not applicable to RILEX STARs''
|2P
|-
|Alternative*
(uses same Arc as 2B (if original Arc is West, still uses the West Arc) but from opposite entry)

<nowiki>*</nowiki>''not applicable to RILEX, RIXEN, SISPI STARs''
|2R
|}<nowiki>*</nowiki>Alternative: Only used by ATC.
|}
As Istanbul Airport utilizes multiple configurations depending on traffic, weather, congestion, NOTAMs etc. You might be cleared to a different STAR compared to another traffic that is flying exactly the same route as you. Default designators for northern config (34/35/36) is 2A and default designator for southern configuration (16/17/18) is 2B. These STARs keep the traffic arriving west to use the west PMS and traffic arriving from east to use the east PMS. 2N and 2P STARs are designed to ease the workload of a PMS, by making the traffic to use the opposite PMS (traffic arriving from west to use the east PMS or to enter PMS from north instead of south at different altitude e.g).

==== North Config ====
<gallery>
File:ATPIX2A ERSEN-RIXEN2N.png|ATPIX 2A, ERSEN 2N and RIXEN 2N
File:ATPIX2N.png| ATPIX 2N
File:DRAMO2A INBET2A.png|DRAMO 2A and INBET 2A
File:ERSEN2A SISPI2A.png|ERSEN 2A and SISPI 2A
File:RILEX2A RIXEN2A.png|RILEX 2A and RIXEN 2A
File:RILEX2N.png|RILEX 2N
</gallery>

==== South Config ====
<gallery>
File:DRAMO-INBET2B 2P.png|DRAMO 2B, 2P and INBET 2B, 2P
File:ERSEN SISPI2B.png|ERSEN 2B and SISPI 2B
File:ERSEN SISPI2P.png|ERSEN 2P and SISPI 2P
File:RILEX RIXEN2B.png|RILEX 2B and RIXEN 2B
File:RIXEN2P ATPIX2B.png|RIXEN 2P and ATPIX 2B
</gallery>[[File:Image.png|thumb|ILS-X 35R Approach (showing both IMREN and SADIK transition)|335x335px]]
=== Transitions and Approach Phase ===
As mentioned previously, Istanbul Airport utilizes Point-Merge System. Each PMS leads to last point of the STAR and '''the entry point of the approach transition'''. For northern config, IAF for west PMS is ''IMREN'', for east config it is ''SADIK''. For south config, IAF for west PMS is ''INSTA'' and for east PMS it is ''DIVDI''. '''Flying the correct transition is crucial and must'''. Each pilot is responsible for selecting the correct transition. This transition is '''NOT a STAR''' transition but transition for the approach procedure. There are different approach procedures and each has different transition phase (both laterally and vertically), go around procedure and used differently to streamline the independent parallel approach procedure . As a pilot, you must make sure you have programmed your FMS using the correct approach procedure and transition. '''Each pilot is responsible for selecting and flying the correct transition whether ATC is online or not.''' Since transitions are a must as they play a crucial role in the independent parallel approach procedure, pilot's must fly the transition both laterally and vertically at all times. If the transition is not selected correctly in the aircraft's FMS, the plane will fly directly to FAF, skipping the transition completely. This is not allowed for approach procedure into Istanbul as each approach procedure and transition is very different than one another, both laterally and vertically. You can see an example of how ILS-X and ILS-Z transition differs from the pictures (you can see they are both laterally and vertically different).[[File:ILS-Z 35R TRANSITION2.png|thumb|ILS-Z Approach (showing both IMREN and SADIK transition)|335x335px]]
== Ground Layout ==
Istanbul airport is on the list of biggest airports as per surface area, with staggering 76.5 million m2 of land area. The airport has 5 runways, 34L/16R, 34R/16L, 35L/17R, 35R/17L and 36/18. Between RWYs 34 and 35, the main MRO and cargo area can be found. Between RWY 35 and 36, main passenger terminal and the stands can be found. Most gates and stands utilize MARS (Multiple Aircraft Ramp System). This increases the efficiency and gate usage significantly. With the MARS system, one gate can be shared by either 2 small to medium aircraft or 1 heavy (widebody) aircraft. In Istanbul Airport, MARS system uses L (as left) and R (as right) abbreviations for medium/split gates. For instance B4 gate is used by either 1 heavy aircraft or 2 medium aircrafts use B4L (Gate B 4 Left) and B4R (Gate B 4 Right).
[[File:LT AD 2 LTFM ADC en 2022-08-11.png|center|thumb|900x900px|LTFM Aerodrome Chart]]

=== Main Passenger Terminal and Terminal Contact Apron ===
[[File:LT AD 2 LTFM PRKG 01 en 2022-08-11.png|thumb|Main Passenger Terminal and Terminal Contact Apron]]Passenger terminal at Istanbul Airport both house international and domestic traffic. The gates are split into piers and identifiers.
[[File:IST airport terminal layout departures.png|thumb|Terminal split showing international and domestic areas]]
{| class="wikitable"
!Gates/Pier
!International
!Domestic
|-
|<big>A</big> Gates
|X
|
|-
|<big>B</big> Gates
|X
|
|-
|<big>C</big> Gates
|X
|
|-
|<big>D</big> Gates
|X
|
|-
|<big>E</big> Gates
|X
|
|-
|<big>F</big> Gates
|X
|
|-
|<big>G</big> Gates
|
|X
|}
C and E gates are only medium gates and are connected directly to the main building. A, B, C, D, F and G gates are located in their respective piers.

==== A Pier ====
A gates/pier is only for international flights. Gate A9 is the only gate that does not have MARS system. Gate A2 is only the one of the 2 gates that is equipped with third jetbridge, which is used for A380 flights.

==== B Pier ====
B gates/pier is used located in international area of the terminal and only international flights use these gates. Gates B1, B3, B5, B6, B7, B8, B9, B10, B12 and B18 utilize MARS system. Gates B4, B13, B14, B15, B16, B17 are heavy gates. Gate B2 is only to be used by small to medium aircraft.

==== C Gates ====
C gates are located in the West Cul-de-Sac of the terminal complex and have only 4 gates. All gates (C1, C2, C3, C4) are to medium gates.

==== D Pier ====
D Pier is used heavily by long range flights due to being the most heavy gates. Out of 19 gates, only gates D1, D2, D3, D4 are medium gates. Rest of them are heavy only.

==== E Gates ====
Just like C gates, E gates have only gates (E1, E2, E3, E4). They are located in the East Cul-de-Sac.

==== F Pier ====
F pier has mix of gates and flights. Gate F2 is medium only whereas gates F3, F4, F5, F6, F7, F8, F9, F12, F13 use MARS. Gates F14, F15, F16, F17, F18, F19 are heavy only gates. F1 gate uses MARS however is domestic only.[[File:LT AD 2 LTFM PRKG 02 en 2022-08-11.png|thumb|Apron 1 stands]]

==== G Pier ====
G pier is to be used only for domestic flights. Entire G pier utilizes MARS.

=== Apron 1 ===
Apron 1 is located north of Terminal Area, situated between taxiways D and G. It contains 33 medium stands (100-132 and 149) and 16 MARS stands (133-148).

=== Apron 2 and 3 ===
[[File:LT AD 2 LTFM PRKG 03 en 2022-08-11.png|thumb|Apron 2 and 3 Stands]]
Apron 2 is situated south of A pier and Apron 3 is located south of G pier. Both aprons contain MARS and narrowbody-only stands. 2xx stands represent stands located in apron 2 and 3xx stands in apron 3. Stands 218, 219, 225 and 226 are used by Turkish Technic and should not be used. Stands 316, 317, 318, 319 is used only for VIP.

''For Apron 2:''

* 200 - 214 -> Medium gates
* 220 - 224 -> MARS
[[File:LT AD 2 LTFM PRKG 04 en 2022-08-11.png|thumb|Cargo aprons and stands]]

''For Apron 3:''

* 300 - 312 -> Medium gates
* 313 - 315 -> MARS

=== Cargo and MRO Aprons ===
Located between runways 34R/16L and 35L/17R, there are 5 cargo aprons and 2 MRO aprons. Cargo stands start with '''K'''. Stands K1, K2, K3, K4, K5, K6, K7, K8, K9 all utilize MARS wheres the remaining stands K10-K21 (used ONLY by Turkish Cargo) and K50-K57 are heavy gates. 4xx and 5xx stands are used only by Turkish Technic.

== Pushback Procedures ==
Each gate/stand in Istanbul Airport has published standard and alternative pushback procedure. These procedures increase efficiency of the aprons, gates, ground movements and streamline the traffic flow through out the airport. You might see abbreviations such as '''PSN'''. There are "Pushback Positions" which act as point where aircraft should pushback to.
[[File:Pushback Procedures of A Pier - Standard.png|thumb|Pushback Procedures of A Pier - Standard]]
[[File:Pushback Procedures of Southwest Area - Alternative.png|thumb|Pushback Procedures of Southwest Area - Alternative]]
[[File:Pushback Procedures for A9-A10-A11 Gates - Standard.png|thumb|Pushback Procedures for A9-A10-A11 Gates - Standard]]

=== Southwest Area | A Pier ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Stand
!Pushback Procedure
!Caution
!Phraseology
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''A2L thru'''
'''A2R'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T2 to face North and continue push until

TWY E8 will remain clear of ACFT.
| rowspan="2" |HS8
(Be aware

of the ACFT

pushbacks

from stands

A2L, A2, B1

and B1R).
|Pushback Approved
'''Face North'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T2 to face South and continue push until

TWY E8 will remain clear of ACFT.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''A3L thru'''
'''A7R'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T2 to face North.
| rowspan="2" |
|Pushback Approved
'''Face North'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T2 to face South.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''A8L thru'''
'''A8R'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T2 to face North. TWY E5 will remain

clear of ACFT.
| rowspan="2" |
|Pushback Approved
'''Face North'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T2 to face South.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''A9'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T2 to face South.
| rowspan="2" |
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T2 to face North, then pulled forward

until TWY E5 will remain clear of ACFT.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face North'''
|-
|'''A10'''
'''A11'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY E3 to face North until its nosewheel is at the

PSN5 point.
|E2 TWY
is CAT C.
|Pushback Approved
'''PSN5'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''A10L, A10R'''
'''A11L, A11R'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY E3 to face North until its nosewheel

is at the PSN5 point.
| rowspan="2" |
|Pushback Approved
'''PSN5'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY E2 to face North and continue push until

TWY T2 will remain clear of ACFT.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face North'''

'''on E2 TWY'''
|}
[[File:Pushback procedures for northwest area of B pier - standard.png|thumb|Pushback procedures for northwest area of B pier - standard]]
[[File:Pushback procedures for northwest area of B pier - alternative.png|thumb|Pushback procedures for northwest area of B pier - alternate]]

=== Terminal Contact Apron | Northwest Area ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Stand
!Pushback Procedure
!Caution
!Phraseology
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''B1L thru'''
'''B1R'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T2 to face South and continue push until

TWY E8 will remain clear of ACFT.
| rowspan="2" |HS8
(Be aware

of the ACFT

pushbacks

from stands

A2L, A2, B1

and B1R).
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T2 to face North and continue push until

TWY E8 will remain clear of ACFT.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face North'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''B3L thru B3R'''
'''B5L thru B5R'''

'''B7L thru B7R'''

'''B9L thru B9R'''

'''B12L thru'''

'''B12R'''

'''B13'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T2 to face South.
| rowspan="2" |
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T2 to face North.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face North'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''B14'''
'''B15'''

'''B16'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY NW to face West.
| rowspan="2" |The ACFT
pushing back

from stand

B14 facing East

should pull

forward until

T2 TWY is clear.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face West'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY NW to face East.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face East'''
|}
[[File:Pushback procedures for west cul-de-sac - standard.png|thumb|Pushback procedures for west cul-de-sac - standard]]
[[File:Pushback procedures for west cul-de-sac - alternative.png|thumb|Pushback procedures for west cul-de-sac - alternative]]
[[File:Pushback procedures for west Cul-De-Sac - standard.png|thumb|Pushback procedures for west cul-de-sac - standard]]
[[File:Pushback procedures for west cul-de-sac - alternative2.png|thumb|Pushback procedures for west cul-de-sac - alternative -2]]
[[File:Pushback procedures for west Cul-De-Sac - C gates - standard.png|thumb|Pushback procedures for west cul-de-sac end - C gates - Standard]]
[[File:Pushback procedures for west cul-de-sac end - C gates - alternative.png|thumb|Pushback procedures for west cul-de-sac end - C gates - alternative]]

=== Terminal Contact Apron | West Cul-de-Sac Area ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Stand
!Pushback Procedure
!Caution
!Phraseology
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''B10L thru'''
'''B10R'''

'''B17'''

'''B18L thru'''

'''B18R'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the

pushback line onto TWY T3 facing South.

Taxi out via TC TWY.
| rowspan="2" |The ACFT
pushing back

from stand B17

should pull

forward until

NW TWY

is clear.

CAT D and E

ACFTs pushing

back face

South shall use

TWY TC.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the

pushback line onto TWY T3 facing North.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face North'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''D13'''
'''D15'''

'''D17'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the

pushback line onto TWY T5 facing North.
| rowspan="2" |CAT D and E
ACFTs pushing

back face South

shall use

TWY TC.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face North'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the

pushback line onto TWY T5 facing South.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''D19'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the

pushback line onto TWY T5 facing North.
| rowspan="2" |
|Pushback Approved
'''Face North'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the

pushback line onto TWY NW facing East and

continue push until TWY T3 will remain clear of

ACFT.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face East on NW'''

'''TWY'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''B4'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the

pushback line onto TWY T3 facing South

and continue push until its

nosewheel is at PSN1 point.

Taxi out via TC TWY.
| rowspan="2" |HS4
(Be aware of

the ACFT

pushbacks from

stands B2, B4,

C1, C2, C3, C4,

D1, D3 and D5).
|Pushback Approved
'''PSN1'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the

pushback line onto TWY T3 facing South, then

pulled forward until its nosewheel is at the PSN2

point on TWY T5 facing North.
|Pushback Approved
'''PSN2'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''B6L thru'''
'''B6R'''

'''B8L thru'''

'''B8R'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the

pushback line onto TWY T3 facing South and

continue push until its nosewheel is at the PSN1

point.Taxi out via TC TWY.
| rowspan="2" |HS6
(Be aware of

the ACFT

pushbacks from

stands B6R and

B8L).

CAT D and E

ACFTs pushing

back face South

shall use TWY

TC.
|Pushback Approved
'''PSN1'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the

pushback line onto TWY T3 facing North abeam

stand B6, TWY TC will remain clear of ACFT.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face North'''

'''Abeam Stand B6'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''D7'''
'''D9'''

'''D11'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the

pushback line onto TWY T5 facing North, then

pulled forward until its nosewheel is at the PSN2

point.
| rowspan="2" |CAT D and E
ACFT pushing

back face South

shall use TWY TC.
|Pushback Approved
'''PSN2'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the

pushback line onto TWY T5 facing South and

continue push until abeam stand D11.

Taxi out via TC TWY.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''

'''Abeam Stand D11'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''B2'''
'''C3'''

'''C4'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the

pushback line onto TWY T3 facing South.

Taxi out via T5 TWY.
| rowspan="2" |HS4
(Be aware of

the ACFT

pushbacks from

stands B2, B4,

C1, C2, C3, C4,

D1, D3 and D5).
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South''' '''on T3 TWY'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the

pushback line onto TWY facing West abeam

stand C2. Taxi out via T3 TWY.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face West'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''C1'''
'''C2'''

'''D1'''

'''D3'''

'''D5'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the

pushback line onto TWY facing East abeam

stand C3. Taxi out via T5 TWY.
| rowspan="2" |HS4
(Be aware of

the ACFT

pushbacks from

stands B2, B4,

C1, C2, C3, C4,

D1, D3 and D5).
|Pushback Approved
'''Face East'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the

pushback line onto TWY T5 facing South abeam

stand D7. Taxi out via T3 TWY.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''

'''on T5 TWY'''
|}
[[File:Pushback Procedures for east cul-de-sac - standard.png|thumb|Pushback Procedures for east cul-de-sac - standard]]
[[File:Pushback procedures for east cul-de-sac - alternative.png|thumb|Pushback procedures for east cul-de-sac - alternative]]
[[File:Pushback procedures for east cul-de-sac terminal contact - standard.png|thumb|Pushback procedures for east cul-de-sac terminal contact - standard]]
[[File:Pushback procedures for east cul-de-sac terminal contact area - alternative.png|thumb|Pushback procedures for east cul-de-sac terminal contact area - alternative]]
[[File:Pushback procedures for east cul-de-sac terminal contact gates - standard.png|thumb|Pushback procedures for east cul-de-sac terminal contact gates - standard]]
[[File:Pushback procedures for east cul-de-sac terminal contact area - alternative2.png|thumb|Pushback procedures for east cul-de-sac terminal contact area - alternative]]

=== Terminal Contact Apron | East Cul-de-Sac Area ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Stand
!Pushback Procedure
!Caution
!Phraseology
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''D12'''
'''D14'''

'''D16'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T7 facing North.
| rowspan="2" |CAT D and E
ACFTs pushing

back face South

shall use TWY

TD.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face North'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T7 facing South.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''D20'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T7 facing North.
| rowspan="2" |
|Pushback Approved
'''Face North'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line

onto TWY NE facing West and continue push until

TWY T9 will remain clear of ACFT.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face Wast on NE'''

'''TWY'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''F12L thru'''
'''F12R'''

'''F14'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T9 facing South.
| rowspan="2" |CAT D and E
ACFTs pushing

back face South

shall use TWY

TD.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T9 facing North.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face North'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''D6'''
'''D8'''

'''D10'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T7 facing North, then pulled forward

until its nosewheel is at the PSN4 point.
| rowspan="2" |CAT D and E
ACFTs pushing

back face South

shall use TWY

TD.
|Pushback Approved
'''PSN4'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T7 facing South and continue push until

abeam stand D10.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''

'''Abeam Stand D10'''
|-
|'''F4L thru'''
'''F4R'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T9 facing South and continue push until

its nosewheel is at the PSN3 point.
| rowspan="3" |HS5
(Be aware of

the ACFT

pushbacks from

stands D2, D4,

E1, E2, E3, E4,

F2, F4L, F4 and F4R).
|Pushback Approved
'''PSN3'''
|-
|'''F4'''
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T9 facing South then pulled forward until

its nosewhell is at the PSN 4 on TWY T7 face North.
|Pushback Approved
'''PSN4'''
|-
|'''F4L'''
'''F4R'''
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY facing East abeam stand E3.

Taxi out via T9 TWY.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face East'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''F6L thru'''
'''F6R'''

'''F8L thru'''

'''F8R'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T9 facing South and continue push until its nosewheel is at the PSN3 point.
| rowspan="2" |HS7
(Be aware of

the ACFT

pushbacks from

stands F6L and

F8R)

CAT D and E

ACFTs pushing

back face South

shall use TWY

TD.
|Pushback Approved
'''PSN3'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T9 facing North, then pulled forward until abeam stand F6.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face North'''

'''Abeam Stand F6'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''D2'''
'''D4'''

'''E1'''

'''E2'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY facing West abeam stand E3.

Taxi out via T7 TWY.
| rowspan="2" |HS5
(Be aware of

the ACFT

pushbacks from

stands D2, D4,

E1, E2, E3, E4,

F2, F4L, F4

and F4R).
|Pushback Approved
'''Face West'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T7 facing South abeam D6.

Taxi out via T9 TWY.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''

'''on T7 TWY'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''E3'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T9 facing South abeam stand F4.

Taxi out via T7 TWY.
| rowspan="2" |HS5
(Be aware of

the ACFT

pushbacks from

stands D2, D4,

E1, E2, E3, E4,

F2, F4L, F4

and F4R).
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''

'''on T9 TWY'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T7 facing South abeam stand D6.

Taxi out via T9 TWY.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''

'''on T7 TWY'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''E4'''
'''F2'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T9 facing South abeam stand F4

Taxi out via T7 TWY.
| rowspan="2" |HS5
(Be aware of

the ACFT

pushbacks from

stands D2, D4,

E1, E2, E3, E4,

F2, F4L, F4

and F4R).
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''

'''on T9 TWY'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY facing East abeam stand E3.

Taxi out via T9 TWY.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face East'''
|}
[[File:Terminal Contact Apron F Pier STD.png|thumb|Pushback procedures for F pier - standard]]
[[File:Terminal Contact Apron F Pier ALT.png|thumb|Pushback procedures for F Pier - alternative]]

=== Terminal Contact Apron | Northeast area ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Stand
!Pushback Procedure
!Caution
!Phraseology
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''F1L thru'''
'''F1R'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T11 facing South and continue push until

TWY F6 will remain clear of ACFT.
| rowspan="2" |HS9
(Be aware of

the ACFT

pushbacks from

stands F1L, F1

and G2, G2R).
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T11 facing North and continue push until

TWY F6 will remain clear of ACFT.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face North'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''F3L thru F3R'''
'''F5L thru F5R'''

'''F7L thru F7R'''

'''F9L thru F9R'''

'''F13L thru'''

'''F13R'''

'''F18'''

'''F19'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T11 facing South.
| rowspan="2" |
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T11 facing North.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face North'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''F15'''
'''F16'''

'''F17'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY NE facing West.
| rowspan="2" |The ACFT
pushing back

from Stand F15

should pull

forward until

T9 TWY is clear.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face West'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY NE facing East.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face East'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''G2L thru'''
'''G2R'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T11 facing South and continue push until

TWY F6 will remain clear of ACFT.
| rowspan="2" |HS9
(Be aware of

the ACFT

pushbacks from

stands F1L, F1

and G2, G2R).
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T11 facing North and continue push until

TWY F6 will remain clear of ACFT.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face North'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''G4L thru'''
'''G8R'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T11 facing South.
| rowspan="2" |HS5
(Be aware of

the ACFT

pushbacks from

stands D2, D4,

E1, E2, E3, E4,

F2, F4L, F4 and F4R).
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T11 facing North.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face North'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''D2'''
'''D4'''

'''E1'''

'''E2'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY facing West abeam stand E3.

Taxi out via T7 TWY.
| rowspan="2" |HS5
(Be aware of

the ACFT

pushbacks from

stands D2, D4,

E1, E2, E3, E4,

F2, F4L, F4

and F4R).
|Pushback Approved
'''Face West'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T7 facing South abeam D6.

Taxi out via T9 TWY.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face North'''

'''Abeam Stand F6'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''E3'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T9 facing South abeam stand F4.

Taxi out via T7 TWY.
| rowspan="2" |HS5
(Be aware of

the ACFT

pushbacks from

stands D2, D4,

E1, E2, E3, E4,

F2, F4L, F4

and F4R).
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''

'''on T9 TWY'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T7 facing South abeam stand D6.

Taxi out via T9 TWY.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''

'''on T7 TWY'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''E4'''
'''F2'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T9 facing South abeam stand F4

Taxi out via T7 TWY.
| rowspan="2" |HS5
(Be aware of

the ACFT

pushbacks from

stands D2, D4,

E1, E2, E3, E4,

F2, F4L, F4

and F4R).
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''

'''on T9 TWY'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback line

onto TWY facing East abeam stand E3.

Taxi out via T9 TWY.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face East'''
|}
[[File:Terminal Contact Apron G Pier STD.png|thumb|Pushback procedures for G pier - standard]]
[[File:Terminal Contact Apron G Pier ALT.png|thumb|Pushback procedures for G pier - alternative]]
[[File:Terminal Contact Apron G Pier2 STD.png|thumb|Pushback procedures for G9, G10, G11 gates - STD]]
[[File:Terminal Contact Apron G Pier2 ALT.png|thumb|Pushback procedures for gates G9, G10, G11 - alternative]]

=== Terminal Contact Apron | Southeast Area ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Stand
!Pushback Procedure
!Caution
!Phraseology
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''G2L thru'''
'''G2R'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T11 facing South and continue push until

TWY F6 will remain clear of ACFT.
| rowspan="2" |HS9
(Be aware of

the ACFT

pushbacks from

stands F1L, F1

and G2, G2R).
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T11 facing North and continue push until

TWY F6 will remain clear of ACFT.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face North'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''G4L thru'''
'''G8R'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T11 facing South.
| rowspan="2" |HS5
(Be aware of

the ACFT

pushbacks from

stands D2, D4,

E1, E2, E3, E4,

F2, F4L, F4 and F4R).
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T11 facing North.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face North'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''G9L thru'''
'''G9R'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY F1 facing North and continue push until

its nosewheel is at the PSN10 point.
| rowspan="2" |F2 TWY
is CAT C.
|Pushback Approved
'''PSN10'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T11 facing West and continue push until

its nosewheel is at the PSN6 point facing South.
|Pushback Approved
'''PSN6'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''G10L thru'''
'''G11R'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T11 facing West then following

the pushback line onto TWY F1 facing North

and continue push until its nosewheel is at the PSN10 point.
| rowspan="2" |F2 TWY
is CAT C.
|Pushback Approved
'''PSN10'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T11 facing West and continue push

until its nosewheel is at the PSN6 point facing

South.
|Pushback Approved
'''PSN6'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''G4L thru'''
'''G8R'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T11 facing South.
| rowspan="2" |HS5
(Be aware of

the ACFT

pushbacks from

stands D2, D4,

E1, E2, E3, E4,

F2, F4L, F4 and F4R).
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY T11 facing North.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face North'''
|}

=== Apron 1 ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Stand
!Pushback Procedure
!Caution
!Phraseology
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''100 thru'''
'''109'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY N6 facing East.
| rowspan="2" |
|Pushback Approved
'''Face East'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY N6 facing West.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face West'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''110 thru'''
'''121'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY N6 facing West.
| rowspan="2" |
|Pushback Approved
'''Face West'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY N6 facing East.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face East'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''122 thru'''
'''131'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY N6 facing West.
| rowspan="2" |
|Pushback Approved
'''Face West'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY N6 facing East.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face East'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''132 thru'''
'''137R'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY N5 facing East.
| rowspan="2" |The ACFT
pushes on

a live TWY that

may delay other

taxiing ACFT.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face East'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY N5 facing West.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face West'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''138L thru'''
'''143R'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY N5 facing East.
| rowspan="2" |The ACFT
pushes on

a live TWY that

may delay other

taxiing ACFT.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face East'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY N5 facing West.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face West'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''144L thru'''
'''149'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY N5 facing West.
| rowspan="2" |The ACFT
pushes on

a live TWY that

may delay other

taxiing ACFT.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face West'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY N5 facing East.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face East'''
|}

=== Apron 2 ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Stand
!Pushback Procedure
!Caution
!Phraseology
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''200 thru'''
'''207'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY E2 to face North.
| rowspan="2" |
|Pushback Approved
'''Face North'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY E2 to face South.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''215L thru'''
'''217R'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY E3 to face North.
| rowspan="2" |
|Pushback Approved
'''Face North'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY E3 to face South.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''220L thru'''
'''220R'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY D to face East.
| rowspan="2" |HS10
(Be aware of

the ACFT

pushbacks from

stands 214 and

220).
|Pushback Approved
'''Face East'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY E3 to face South and continue push until

D TWY is clear.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''

'''on E3 TWY'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''221L thru'''
'''221R'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY D to face East.
| rowspan="2" |E2 TWY
is CAT C.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face East'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY N5 facing West.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face West'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''222L thru'''
'''222R'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY D to face East.
| rowspan="2" |
|Pushback Approved
'''Face East'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY D to face West.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face West'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''223L thru'''
'''223R'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY D to face East, then pulled forward

until abeam stand 223.
| rowspan="2" |
|Pushback Approved
'''Face East'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY D to face West.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face West'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''224L thru'''
'''224R'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY D to face South.
| rowspan="2" |
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY D to face West.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face West'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''208 thru'''
'''212'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY E2 to face North.
| rowspan="2" |
|Pushback Approved
'''Face North'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY E2 to face South.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''213, 214'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY D to face East.
| rowspan="2" |HS10
(Be aware of

the ACFT

pushbacks from

stands 214

and 220).
|Pushback Approved
'''Face East'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY E2 to face South.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''218L thru'''
'''218R'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY D to face North, then pulled forward

until its nosewheel is at the PSN7 point.
| rowspan="2" |
|Pushback Approved
'''PSN7'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY D to face South, then pulled forward

until TWY E1 will remain clear of ACFT.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''219L thru'''
'''219R'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY D to face North, then pulled forward

until its nosewheel is at the PSN7 point.
| rowspan="2" |
|Pushback Approved
'''PSN7'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY D to face South.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''
|}

=== Apron 3 ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Stand
!Pushback Procedure
!Caution
!Phraseology
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''300 thru'''
'''312'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY F2 facing South.
| rowspan="2" |Alternate
pushback

is not suitable

for stands 311

and 312.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY F2 facing North.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face North'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''313L thru'''
'''315R'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY F1 facing South.
| rowspan="2" |The ACFTs
pushing back

from stands

313L thru 313R

should pull

forward until

TWY T11

is clear.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY F1 facing North.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face North'''
|-
|'''316L thru'''
'''317R'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY D to face East.
|F2 TWY
is CAT C.
|Pushback Approved
'''PSN8'''
|-
|'''318L thru'''
'''319R'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY G facing South and continue push

until its nosewheel is at the PSN9 point facing East

on G1 TWY.
|
|Pushback Approved
'''PSN9'''
|}

=== Cargo Aprons 1 Thru 5 ===
{| class="wikitable"
!Stand
!Pushback Procedure
!Caution
!Phraseology
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''K1L thru'''
'''K9R'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY A4 facing West.
| rowspan="2" |
|Pushback Approved
'''Face West'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY A4 facing East.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face East'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''K10 thru'''
'''K21'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY B facing South.
| rowspan="2" |The ACFT
pushes on

a live TWY that

may delay other

taxiing ACFT.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY B facing North.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face North'''
|-
| rowspan="2" |'''K50 thru K57'''
|'''Standard'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY A facing South.
| rowspan="2" |The ACFT
pushes on

a live TWY that

may delay other

taxiing ACFT.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face South'''
|-
|'''Alternate'''
The ACFT shall be pushed back following the pushback

line onto TWY A facing North.
|Pushback Approved
'''Face North'''
|}

== Taxi Procedures ==
Istanbul Airport is very big and might seem scary regarding all the taxiways and size however the pre-defined taxi procedures make it very easy for both pilots and ATC. This section outlines these procedures, taxi limits, speed limits and terminal area.

=== Terminal Area ===
Main terminal has predefined exits and routes. These predefined routes and directions help ease the traffic flow and ground movement in the airport as it can be seen below from the picture.
[[File:LTFM Terminal Exits.png|center|thumb|700x700px|Diagram showing Terminal apron exits and directions, taxiways to be used.]]

=== Taxi Routes ===
Istanbul airport is a big airport. There are 12 ground sectors and with around 1,300 flights every day, ground frequencies get very congested. In addition, giving taxi instructions one by one to each aircraft increases the workload for air traffic controllers and creates more congestion in the frequency. To fix this problem, Istanbul Airport utilizes "Taxi Routes". These taxi routes are pre-defined, published (available in ALL charts) procedures to lower the workload of controllers and reduce clutter in the frequency. Example:

A traffic (''THY123'') is pushing back from F12L would pushback facing south as per standard pushback procedure. Let's say the departure runway is 35L. The conversation on for the frequency would be in below fashion if old system was used:<blockquote>''THY123'': Istanbul ground, Turkish 123 requesting taxi.

''ATC'': Turkish 123, taxi to holding point B4A, via TD, T7, N2, D, B.

''THY123'': Taxi to holding point B4A via TD, T7, N2, D, B.</blockquote>The issue with this phraseology is that, first of all, it's very long. In an airport with 1,300/day traffic movement, this kind of phraseology would block the traffic. Moreover, if traffic or ATC make a mistake such as mispronouncing one letter or if traffic doesn't understand the taxi instructions, readback the instructions wrong, both ATC and pilot will further continue this conversation. This will create even more congestion and the frequency will be blocked. Let's look at the following example:<blockquote>''THY123'': Istanbul ground, Turkish 123 requesting taxi.

''ATC'': Turkish 123, taxi via TD, T7, DEPARTURE 2A.

''THY123:'' Taxi via TD, T7, DEPARTURE 2A.</blockquote>As it can be seen from the example, it's very easy and straightforward for everyone involved in this conversation. The instructions are precise and since these procedures are published in the charts, can be updated anytime by DHMI.

Taxi route system uses the following designators which makes it easier to understand.
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Designator
!Runway
|-
| -1*
|34L/16R
|-
| -2*
|35L/17R, 35R/17L
|-
| -3*
|36/18
|}
As it can be seen, -1* routes are for runways 34L/16R, -2* routes are for 35/17 runways (L/R) and -3* routes are for 36/18 runway. The different colors on the charts represent the taxi speed for that taxiway. Next section shows the taxi speeds for the airport.

==== Arrival Taxi Routes ====

===== ARR 1A =====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |RWY 34L
|-
!Procedure
!Description
|-
|1A
|Arrival traffic vacating RWY 34L shall cross 34R and use taxiways A, A3, E1, D3, E, N1 and F and hold position at clearance limit given by ATC.
|-
! colspan="2" |RWY 16R
|-
!Procedure
!Description
|-
|1A
|Arrival traffic vacating RWY 16R, shall cross 16L and use taxiways A, A3, E1, D3, E, N1 and F and hold position at clearance limit given by ATC.
|}
<gallery widths="480" heights="666" style="text-align:center">
File:LT AD 2 LTFM GMC 01 en 2022-03-24.png|RWY 34L
File:LT AD 2 LTFM GMC 02 en 2022-03-24.png|RWY 16R
</gallery>

===== ARR 2A, ARR 2B, ARR 2C, ARR 2D, ARR 2E =====
{| class="wikitable"
|+
! colspan="2" |RWY 35L
|-
!Procedure
!Description
|-
|2A
|Arrival traffic vacating RWY 35R, shall use taxiways, C, N5, T3 and hold short of N2 taxiway.
|-
|2B
|Arrival traffic vacating RWY 35R, shall use taxiways C, N5, T9 and hold short of N2 taxiway.
|-
|2C
|Arrival traffic vacating RWY 35R, shall use taxiways C, N1 and F and hold position at clearance limit given by ATC.
|-
|2D
|Arrival traffic vacating RWY 35R, shall use taxiways C, N1, D and B and hold short of A3 taxiway.
|-
|2E
|Arrival traffic vacating RWY 35R, shall use taxiways C, N5, T9, N3 and F and hold position at clearance limit given by ATC.
|-
! colspan="2" |RWY 17L
|-
!Procedure
!Description
|-
|2A
|Arrival traffic vacating RWY 17L, shall use taxiways C, N5 and T3 and hold short of N2 taxiway.
|-
|2B
|Arrival traffic vacating RWY 17L, shall use taxiways C, N5 and T9 and hold short of N2 taxiway.
|-
|2C
|Arrival traffic vacating RWY 17L, shall use taxiways C, N1 and F and hold position at clearance limit given by ATC.
|-
|2D
|Arrival traffic vacating RWY 17L, shall use taxiways C, N1, D and B and hold short of A3 taxiway.
|-
|2E
|Arrival traffic vacating RWY 17L, shall use taxiways C, N5, T9, N3 and F and hold position at clearance limit given by ATC.
|}
<gallery widths="460" heights="688" style="text-align:center">
File:LT AD 2 LTFM GMC 03 en 2022-03-24.png|RWY 35R
File:LT AD 2 LTFM GMC 04 en 2022-04-21.png|RWY 17L
</gallery>
===== ARR 3A, ARR 3B, ARR 3C, ARR 3D =====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |RWY 36
|-
!Procedure
!Description
|-
|3A
|Arrival traffic vacating RWY 36, shall use taxiways G, N4 and T3 and hold short of N2 taxiway
|-
|3B
|Arrival traffic vacating RWY 36, shall use taxiways G, N4 and T9 and hold short of N2 taxiway
|-
|3C
|Arrival traffic vacating RWY 36, shall use taxiways G, N3 and F and hold position at clearance limit given by ATC
|-
|3D
|Arrival traffic vacating RWY 36, shall use taxiways G, N4, D and B and hold short of A3 taxiway
|}[[File:LT AD 2 LTFM GMC 05 en 2022-03-24.png|thumb|567x567px|Arrival taxi routes for RWY 36|center]]

===== ARR 3F, ARR 3G, ARR 3H =====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |RWY 18
|-
!Procedure
!Description
|-
|3F
|Arrival traffic vacating RWY 18, shall use taxiways G, N2, D and B and hold short of A3 taxiway
|-
|3G
|Arrival traffic vacating RWY 18, shall use taxiways G and N4 and hold position at clearance limit given by ATC
|-
|3H
|Arrival traffic vacating RWY 18, shall use taxiway F and hold position at clearance limit given by ATC
|}
[[File:LT AD 2 LTFM GMC 06 en 2022-03-24.png|center|thumb|652x652px|Arrival taxi routes ARR 3F, ARR 3G, ARR 3H for RWY 18]]

==== Departure Taxi Routes ====

===== DEP 1A =====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |RWY 34L
|-
!Procedure
!Description
|-
|1A
|Departure traffic shall use G, N2, D, B, E1D, A1 and A1B taxiways and hold short of RWY 34R
|}
[[File:LT AD 2 LTFM GMC 07 en 2022-03-24.png|center|thumb|626x626px|DEP 1A taxi route for RWY 34L]]

===== DEP 1F =====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |RWY 16R
|-
!Procedure
!Description
|-
|1F
|Departure traffic shall use G, N2, D, B, A7, A and A10B taxiways and hold short of RWY 16L
|}
[[File:LT AD 2 LTFM GMC 08 en 2022-03-24.png|center|thumb|625x625px|DEP 1F taxi route for RWY 16R]]

===== DEP 2A, DEP 2B, DEP 2C =====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |RWY 35L
|-
!Procedure
!Description
|-
|2A
|Departure traffic shall use G, N2, D, B and B4A taxiways and hold short of RWY 35L
|-
|2B
|Departure traffic shall use G, N2, C and C5A taxiways and hold short of RWY 35R
|-
|2C
|Departure traffic shall use E, D8, C1B and C1A taxiways and hold short of RWY 35R
|}
<gallery widths="480" heights="665" style="text-align:center">
File:LT AD 2 LTFM GMC 09 en 2022-03-24.png|DEP 2A and DEP 2B
File:LT AD 2 LTFM GMC 11 en 2022-03-24.png|DEP 2B and DEP 2C
</gallery>

===== DEP 2F, DEP 2G, DEP 2H =====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |RWY 17R
|-
!Procedure
!Description
|-
|2F
|Departure traffic shall use G, N2, D, B and B9A taxiways and hold short of RWY 17R
|-
|2G
|Departure traffic shall use G, N2, D, C7B, C and C11 taxiways and hold short of RWY 17L
|-
|2H
|Departure traffic shall use E, NW, D, C7B, C and C11 taxiways and hold short of RWY 17L
|}
<gallery widths="480" heights="665" style="text-align:center">
File:LT AD 2 LTFM GMC 10 en 2022-03-24.png|DEP 2F and DEP 2G
File:LT AD 2 LTFM GMC 12 en 2022-03-24.png|DEP 2G and DEP 2H
</gallery>

===== DEP 3A, DEP 3B =====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |RWY 36
|-
!Procedure
!Description
|-
|3A
|Departure traffic shall use E1, D3, E, N1, G and G7A taxiways and hold short of RWY 36
|-
|3B
|Departure traffic shall use G and G6A taxiways and hold short of RWY 36
|}
[[File:LT AD 2 LTFM GMC 13 en 2022-03-24.png|center|thumb|624x624px|DEP 3A and DEP 3B]]

===== DEP 3F, DEP 3G =====
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="2" |RWY 18
|-
!Procedure
!Description
|-
|3F
|Departure traffic shall use E1, D3, E, N1, G and G7A taxiways and hold short of RWY 36
|-
|3G
|Departure traffic shall use G and G6A taxiways and hold short of RWY 36
|}
[[File:LT AD 2 LTFM GMC 14 en 2022-03-24.png|center|thumb|625x625px|DEP 3F and DEP 3G]]
=== Taxi Speeds ===
Taxi speeds in Istanbul are determined based on the taxiway length, width, PCN and it's purpose. Pilots should always obey speed rules and follow the instructions. The ATC might warn the pilot if they are going faster than the allowed speed for that taxiway. In addition, under LVP (Low Visibility Procedures) conditions, it is up to the pilot in command to manage the speed and spacing between other ground traffic.[[File:Taxi Speeds.png|thumb|639x639px|center|Chart showing taxi speed limits in LTFM]]
[[File:LTFM GND SECTOR LAYOUT.png|thumb|622x622px|Chart showing the layout and coverage of the sectors and their subsectors]]

=== Ground and Tower Sector Layout ===
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Sector
!Coverage Area
!Frequency
|-
! colspan="3" |Delivery
|-
|LTFM_DEL
|Entire airport
|121.700
|-
! colspan="3" |Ground
|-
|LTFM_GND
|Entire airport*
|124.725
|-
|LTFM_W_GND
|West half of the airport (if the airport was split in half)
|126.825
|-
|LTFM_E_GND
|East half of the airport (if the airport was split in half)
|126.925
|-
|LTFM_T_GND
|Terminal Contact Apron
|121.575
|-
|LTFM_TW_GND
|West half of Terminal Contact Apron
|124.925
|-
|LTFM_TE_GND
|East half of Terminal Contact Apron
|129.625
|-
! colspan="3" |Tower
|-
|LTFM_TWR
|All runways if sub-tower sectors are offline
|130.625
|-
|LTFM_1_TWR
|RWYs 34L/16R and 34R/16L
|131.100
|-
|LTFM_3_TWR
|RWYs 35L/17R and 35R/17L
|122.700
|-
|LTFM_5_TWR
|RWY 36/18
|119.025
|}

== Departure Procedures ==

=== ATIS ===
Istanbul airport utilizes the double ATIS system, which is LTFM_A_ATIS and LTFM_D_ATIS. A ATIS is for arrival, and D is for departures. Depending on your flight, please make sure you listen and obtain the correct ATIS information. In addition, pilots '''must''' get the current ATIS information before calling for clearance. Moreover, in departure ATIS, the airborne frequency is published and every traffic '''''must''''' contact departure frequency immediately using the "''callsign'', ''sid_designator''" phraseology. For instance THY123 is a traffic departing from runway 36 and is on VADEN 4E SID, correct phraseology would be:<blockquote>xxx hello, Turkish 123, 4E.</blockquote>

=== PDC/DCL ===
As Istanbul airport is extremely busy, it is '''''MANDATORY''''' to use Departure Clearance Service (''DCL''). This is done by requesting your IFR clearance through CPDLC. If your aircraft does not natively support PDC/DCL (such as PMDG 737 NG3 on MSFS), you can use software such as '''''EasyCPDLC''''' to obtain your clearance. It is very easy to use and eliminates the congestion on the delivery frequency. Just grab your LOGON code from https://www.hoppie.nl/acars/system/register.html and request your clearance through ''Pre-Departure Clearance'' menu.

=== Planning Taxi Times ===
Taxi times in Istanbul Airport differ according to each apron and configuration. In addition, if you fly during an event or you were given a CTOT (Calculated Takeoff Time, slot), then it is, as the pilot, your responsibility to make sure you do not miss your slot. From ''terminal contact apron'', the average taxi time can be between 10-15 minutes and from ''cargo area'' 5-10 minutes depending on the configuration.

=== Low Visibility Procedure ===
When LVP is in progress pilots must:

# Taxi to CAT II/III holding point of the runways. This is a '''must''' as going pass these holding points interfere with ILS (specifically G/S) radio waves.
# (you can verify by asking the controller or checking ATIS), departure traffic '''must''' report ''"AIRBORNE"'' to tower. As visibility is very limited, TWR must know verbally that runway is cleared and available for the next traffic.

=== RECAT - LTFM ===
With the introduction of "Wake Turbulence Re-categorisation" in Turkish Airspace, the conventional wake turbulence categories has been re-defined. You can find more information from [https://www.skybrary.aero/articles/recat-wake-turbulence-re-categorisation Skybrary using this link].
{| class="wikitable"
!RECAT LTFM
!Follower
! Super Heavy
!Upper Heavy
!Lower Heavy
!Upper Medium
!Lower Medium
!Light
|-
!Leader
|
!A
!B
!C
!D
!E
!F
|-
! Super Heavy
!A
|*
|100s
|120s
|140s
|160s
|180s
|-
!Upper Heavy
!B
|*
|*
|*
|100s
|120s
|140s
|-
!Lower Heavy
!C
|*
|*
|*
|*
|100s
|120s
|-
!Upper Medium
!D
| *
|*
|*
|*
|*
|120s
|-
!Lower Medium
!E
|*
|*
|*
|*
|*
|100s
|-
!Light
!F
|*
|*
|*
|*
|*
|*
|}
<nowiki>*</nowiki> = End of Runway Threshold or 45 seconds, whichever is '''later'''.

=== Multiple Line Up Procedures ===
To optimize runway utilization, line-up instructions may be issued by TWR to more than one aircraft at different points on the same runway, provided all that:

* Intersection take-off criteria is applied,
* Minimum visibility shall be more than 3000 meters,
* TWR shall continuously observe the multiple line-up positions and the relevant aircraft by visual reference,
* Pilot of the succeeding aircraft shall observe the preceding aircraft on the same RWY by visual reference,
* Pilots shall be advised of the position of any essential traffic information on the same runway,
* Aircraft involved in multiple line-ups on the same runway shall be on the same radio frequency,
* Pilots instructed to line-up shall read-back, the runway designator, the name of the intersection (if applicable) and the number in the departure sequence,
* Wake turbulence separation is applied.

Example phraseology:<blockquote>ATC: Line up and wait runway 35L, intersection B2, number 2 for departure, number one is B737 departing from B4B.

Aircraft: Line up and wait runway 35L, intersection B2, number 2.</blockquote>

=== Minimum Runway Occupancy Time ===
Minimum runway occupancy time is applied to all landing and departing aircraft:

* To optimize the runway utilization, flight crews shall complete all check lists prior to line-up clearance and be ready for immediate take-off,
* When aircraft is at the RWY holding point, pilots should commence line-up and take off roll immediately after take-off clearance is issued by ATC,
* When aircraft is already lined-up on RWY, pilots should commence take off roll immediately after take-off clearance is issued by ATC,
* Pilots are expected to react take-off clearances within 10 seconds,
* Pilots unable to comply with these requirements shall notify ATC before entering the RWY, otherwise ATC may instruct the aircraft to vacate the RWY and re-sequence to prevent excessive RWY occupation.

=== SIDs ===
Istanbul Airport utilizes RNAV in all of its SID procedures. In addition, P-RNAV (''Precision-Area Navigation, RNP1'') capability is required. If unable, pilot '''must''' inform the controller as soon as possible so that aircraft can be given radar vectors after departure. In addition, if an aircraft was cleared and told to "maintain runway heading after departure" '''''the traffic must maintain the runway heading until further instructions.'''''
{| class="wikitable"
!Active Runway Configuration
|-
!North Config
|-
|During North Configuration, the following SIDs are used
{| class="wikitable"
!RWY
!Sabiha Gokcen (LTFJ) Config
!SID
|-
| rowspan="2" |34L/R
|North (06)
|4C
|-
|South (24)
|4Q*
|-
| rowspan="2" |35L/R
|North (06)
|4D
|-
|South (24)
|4R*
|-
| rowspan="2" |36
|North (06)
|4E
|-
|South (24)
|4S*
|}
''Check Sabiha Gokcen config to use correct SID procedure.''

<nowiki>*</nowiki>Only applicable to ''ASMAP'' SID.
|-
!South Config
|-
|During South Configuration, the following SIDs are used
{| class="wikitable"
!RWY
!Sabiha Gokcen (LTFJ) Config
!SID
|-
| rowspan="2" |16L/R
|South (24)
|4F
|-
|North (06)
|4T*
|-
| rowspan="2" |17L/R
|South (24)
|4G
|-
|North (06)
|4U*
|-
| rowspan="2" |18
|South (24)
|4H
|-
|North (06)
|4V**
|}
''Check Sabiha Gokcen config to use correct SID procedure.''

<nowiki>*</nowiki>Only applicable to ''ASMAP, RATVU'' SIDs.

<nowiki>**</nowiki>Only applicable to ''BARPE, IVGUS,'' ''ASMAP, RATVU'' SIDs.
|}
As it can be seen from the table above, if the runway configuration used in Sabiha Gokcen Airport (LTFJ) is in reverse direction, special SID's are used for ASMAP and RATVU (only for south config, for north config it's only for ASMAP).

==== North Config ====
<gallery widths="300" heights="200">
File:LTFM SID VADEN TUDBU IBLAX 4C 4D 4E.png|VADEN, TUDBU, IBLAX 4C/4D/4E
File:LTFM SID BARPE IVGUS RATVU 4C 4D 4E.png|BARPE, IVGUS, RATVU 4C/4D/4E
File:LTFM SID MAKOL OSMEV ASMAP 4C 4D 4E.png|MAKOL, OSMEV, ASMAP 4C/4D/4E
File:LTFM SID ASMAP 4Q 4R 4S.png|ASMAP 4Q/4R/4S
</gallery>

==== South Config ====
<gallery widths="200" heights="280">
File:LTFM SID VADEN TUDBU IBLAL BARPE IVGUS 4F.png|VADEN, TUDBU, IBLAL, IVGUS 4F
File:LTFM SID VADEN TUDBU IBLAL BARPE IVGUS 4G.png|VADEN, TUDBU, IBLAL, BARPE 4G
File:LTFM SID VADEN TUDBU IBLAL BARPE IVGUS 4H.png|VADEN, TUDBU, IBLAL, BARPE 4H
File:LTFM SID MAKOL OSMEV ASMAP RATVU 4F.png|MAKOL, OSMEV, ASMAP, RATVU 4F
File:LTFM SID MAKOL OSMEV ASMAP RATVU 4G.png|MAKOL OSMEV ASMAP RATVU 4G
File:LTFM SID MAKOL OSMEV ASMAP RATVU 4H.png|MAKOL OSMEV ASMAP RATVU 4F
File:LTFM SID ASMAP RATVU 4T 4U 4V.png|ASMAP, RATVU 4T/4U/4V
File:LTFM SID BARPE IVGUS 4V.png|BARPE, IVGUS 4V
</gallery>

=== After Departure ===

Every departure traffic '''''must''''' contact departure frequency immediately (if LVP is ''not'' in progress) using the "''callsign'' + ''sid_designator''" phraseology. For instance THY123 is a traffic departing from runway 36 and is on VADEN 4E SID, correct phraseology would be:<blockquote>xxx hello, Turkish 123, 4E.</blockquote>We hope you had fun flying to/from Istanbul Airport and we hope to see you again!

== VFR in Istanbul TMA ==
You can find the VFR chart for Istanbul TMA showing the VFR routings, VFR waypoints, training areas below. If you have any questions regarding this, you can reach out to our Air Traffic, Operation and Navigation department by opening a ticket.
[[File:LT AD 2 LTFM VFR en 2024-02-22.jpg|center|thumb|803x803px|Istanbul TMA VFR Chart]]

== Feedback and Updates ==
If you have any feedback, comments, suggestions or improvements regarding this page, please [https://support.vatsim.tr/ open a ticket].
== References ==
<references />
[[Category:Airports]]
{{DEFAULTSORT:LTFM}}
__INDEX__

Commands and Shortcuts

2024-09-14T12:46:49Z

Trvacc:

Commands and Shortcuts

2024-09-13T00:36:22Z

Trvacc:

== Euroscope Commands and Shortcuts ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Shortcut
!Command
!Description
!Examples
|-
|HOME
|.contactme
|Send contact me message if the command line is '''EMPTY'''.
|.contactme <click on a TAG or AC in the list>
.contactme <ASEL to use selected aircraft>
|-
|F1 + [1 - 9]
|
|ASR fast load keys
|
|-
|F1 + A
|.am
|This command opens the flightplan amendment dialog of an aircraft.
|.am <click on a TAG or AC in the list>
.am <ASEL to use selected aircraft>
.am <aircraft callsign>
|-
|F1 + C
|.chat
|It opens a chat window to a specified controller or pilot.
|.chat <controller or pilot callsign> [<callsign2>] [<callsign3>] ...
.chat <click on a TAG or AC in the list>
.chat <ASEL to use selected aircraft>
|-
|F1 + F
|.find
|Using this command you can find an aircraft on the radar screen.
It draws a wide white line from the center of the radar screen to the aircraft specified as parameter. The line remains on the screen for 5 seconds.
|.find <aircraft callsign>.find <click on a TAG or AC in the list>.find <ASEL to use selected aircraft>
|-
|F1 + I
|.inf
|It sends an information request to the selected controller or aircraft.
The answer will come back as private message.
|.inf <controller or aircraft callsign>
.inf <click on a TAG or AC in the list>

.inf <ASEL to use selected aircraft>
|-
|F2
|.qd
|It toggles the display of the metar of the specified stations.
|.qd <station1> [<station2>] [<station3>] ..
|-
|F3
|.qt
|It accepts "handoff initiated to me" or starts tracking an untracked aircraft.
|.qt <click on a TAG or AC in the list>
.qt <ASEL to use selected aircraft>
|-
|F4
|.qx
|It drops an aircraft or initiate handoff. Like .contactme it also works on the aircraft that is under the cursor. If next sector is defined it initiates handoff. If next is not defined it drops the track of aircraft.
|.qx <click on a TAG or AC in the list>
.qx <ASEL to use selected aircraft>
|-
|Shift + F4
|.qy
|It is used to drop track of the aircraft.
|.qy <click on a TAG or AC in the list>
.qy <ASEL to use selected aircraft>
|-
|F5
|.qz
|This function changes the final altitude of an aircraft.
Important that it does not change the flight plan, just assigns a final altitude.
|.qz <altitude in 100 feets> <click on a TAG or AC in the list>
.qz <altitude in 100 feets> <ASEL to use selected aircraft>
|-
|F6
|.qu
|It displays the flight strip of the selected aircraft in the place of the standard CHAT window.
|
|-
|F7
|
|If you are using more than one radar layouts at a time press this key to switch between them.
|
|-
|F8
|.qq
|This function changes the temporary altitude of an aircraft. If no altitude data is specified then it clears the previously set temporary altitude.
|.qq [<altitude in 100 feets>] <click on a TAG or AC in the list>
.qq [<altitude in 100 feets>] <ASEL to use selected aircraft>
|-
|F9
|.qb
|It sets the squawk code (manually or automatically) or the communication type of an aircraft. If no additional parameter then an automatic squawk value is assigned.
|
|}

== TopSky Shortcuts ==
TopSky Shortcuts are always start with pressing the '''ALT''' key. For the list below all shortcut keys are combined with '''ALT''' key. (eg. ALT+A). For detailed information about the commands please check the TopSky Manual in LTXX\Plugins\TopSky\Documentation\Controller\Setup B (COOPANS)\TopSky plugin for EuroScope - General - B.pdf
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!KEY
!Command
!Page
!Examples
|-
|Right Click
|Radar Menu
|21
|
|-
|Q
|QDM
|21
|After ALT+Q Select callsign of Aircraft or anything on the radar.
|-
|X
|Remove '''ALL''' QDM's
|22
|
|-
|F
|Open Flight Plan of selected aircraft
|56
|Hover your mouse on Aircraft tag and press ALT+F.
|-
|A
|Open Flight Leg of selected aircraft for 5 seconds
|20
|Hover your mouse on Aircraft tag and press ALT+A
|-
|V
|Open All VFR Routes
|
|
|-
|M
|Open Maps Menu
|
|
|-
|S
|Toggle Separation Tool
|22
|Press ALT+S. Hover your mouse on Aircraft Callsign that you want to select, then select the other Aircraft Callsign to check Separation between them.
|-
|Left Shift
|Override Vector Tool
|
|Hold Left Shift while using vector tool will disregard Waypoints under the cursor.
|-
|T
|Open Airfield Data
|73
|Press ALT+S will open Airfield data window.
|-
|E
|Toggle Quick Look
|
|The Quick Look function can be used to override all filters. It is a toggle function and will stay active until toggled off.
|-
|D
|Open Shortcut Window
|68
|For detailed info check Page 68.
|}

Commands and Shortcuts

2024-09-04T15:03:28Z

Trvacc:

== Euroscope Commands and Shortcuts ==
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!Shortcut
!Command
!Description
!Examples
|-
|HOME
|.contactme
|Send contact me message if the command line is '''EMPTY'''.
|.contactme <click on a TAG or AC in the list>
.contactme <ASEL to use selected aircraft>
|-
|F1 + [1 - 9]
|
|ASR fast load keys
|
|-
|F1 + A
|.am
|This command opens the flightplan amendment dialog of an aircraft.
|.am <click on a TAG or AC in the list>
.am <ASEL to use selected aircraft>
.am <aircraft callsign>
|-
|F1 + C
|.chat
|It opens a chat window to a specified controller or pilot.
|.chat <controller or pilot callsign> [<callsign2>] [<callsign3>] ...
.chat <click on a TAG or AC in the list>
.chat <ASEL to use selected aircraft>
|-
|F1 + F
|.find
|Using this command you can find an aircraft on the radar screen.
It draws a wide white line from the center of the radar screen to the aircraft specified as parameter. The line remains on the screen for 5 seconds.
|.find <aircraft callsign>.find <click on a TAG or AC in the list>.find <ASEL to use selected aircraft>
|-
|F1 + I
|.inf
|It sends an information request to the selected controller or aircraft.
The answer will come back as private message.
|.inf <controller or aircraft callsign>
.inf <click on a TAG or AC in the list>

.inf <ASEL to use selected aircraft>
|-
|F2
|.qd
|It toggles the display of the metar of the specified stations.
|.qd <station1> [<station2>] [<station3>] ..
|-
|F3
|.qt
|It accepts "handoff initiated to me" or starts tracking an untracked aircraft.
|.qt <click on a TAG or AC in the list>
.qt <ASEL to use selected aircraft>
|-
|F4
|.qx
|It drops an aircraft or initiate handoff. Like .contactme it also works on the aircraft that is under the cursor. If next sector is defined it initiates handoff. If next is not defined it drops the track of aircraft.
|.qx <click on a TAG or AC in the list>
.qx <ASEL to use selected aircraft>
|-
|Shift + F4
|.qy
|It is used to drop track of the aircraft.
|.qy <click on a TAG or AC in the list>
.qy <ASEL to use selected aircraft>
|-
|F5
|.qz
|This function changes the final altitude of an aircraft.
Important that it does not change the flight plan, just assigns a final altitude.
|.qz <altitude in 100 feets> <click on a TAG or AC in the list>
.qz <altitude in 100 feets> <ASEL to use selected aircraft>
|-
|F6
|.qu
|It displays the flight strip of the selected aircraft in the place of the standard CHAT window.
|
|-
|F7
|
|If you are using more than one radar layouts at a time press this key to switch between them.
|
|-
|F8
|.qq
|This function changes the temporary altitude of an aircraft. If no altitude data is specified then it clears the previously set temporary altitude.
|.qq [<altitude in 100 feets>] <click on a TAG or AC in the list>
.qq [<altitude in 100 feets>] <ASEL to use selected aircraft>
|-
|F9
|.qb
|It sets the squawk code (manually or automatically) or the communication type of an aircraft. If no additional parameter then an automatic squawk value is assigned.
|
|}

== TopSky Shortcuts ==
TopSky Shortcuts are always start with pressing the '''ALT''' key. For the list below all shortcut keys are combined with '''ALT''' key. (eg. ALT+A). For detailed information about the commands please check the TopSky Manual in LTXX\Plugins\TopSky\Documentation\Controller\Setup B (COOPANS)\TopSky plugin for EuroScope - General - B.pdf
{| class="wikitable"
|+
!KEY
!Command
!Page
!Examples
|-
|Right Click
|Radar Menu
|21
|
|-
|Q
|QDM
|21
|After ALT+Q Select callsign of Aircraft or anything on the radar.
|-
|X
|Remove '''ALL''' QDM's
|22
|
|-
|F
|Open Flight Plan of selected aircraft
|56
|Hover your mouse on Aircraft tag and press ALT+F.
|-
|A
|Open Flight Leg of selected aircraft for 5 seconds
|20
|Hover your mose on Aircraft tag and press ALT+A
|-
|V
|Open All VFR Routes
|
|
|-
|M
|Open Maps Menu
|
|
|}

Main Page

2024-08-22T17:51:39Z

Trvacc: /* Euroscope */

Welcome to TRvACC Official Wiki!

A lot of the pages are being build as of right now so please bear in mind with us as we update the pages. If you want to contribute to this wiki, please email us at staff@trvacc.net! We would love to see you with us!

== Ankara FIR | LTAA ==

* [[Antalya Airport|'''LTAI - Antalya Airport''']]
* [[Ankara Esenboğa Airport|LTAC - Ankara Esenboğa Airport]]

== Istanbul FIR | LTBB ==

* [[Istanbul Airport|'''LTFM - Istanbul Airport''']]

* [[Sabiha Gokcen Airport|'''LTFJ -''' '''Sabiha Gokcen Airport''']]
* [[Dalaman Airport|'''LTBS - Dalaman Airport''']]

== Euroscope ==

* [[How to Use EuroScope|'''How to Use Euroscope''']]
* '''[[Amending Flight Plans|Editing Flight Plans]]'''
* '''[[Commands and Shortcuts]]'''
* '''[[Transition Level Conversion Table]]'''

[[File:Trvacc logo transparent.png|left|625x625px]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Home}}
[[Category:Home]]

Transition Level Conversion Table

2024-08-22T17:51:11Z

Trvacc: /* References */

{| class="wikitable"
|+
!TRANSITION ALTITUDE
! colspan="8" |CORRESPONDING TRANSITION LEVEL (TL) / FLIGHT LEVEL
|-
!Feet
!940-946
!947-962
!963-979
!980-996
!997-1012
!1013-1029
!1030-1046
!1047-1050
|-
|25000
|FL 285
|FL 280
|FL 275
|FL 270
|FL 265
|FL 260
|FL 255
|FL 250
|-
|24500
|FL 280
|FL 275
|FL 270
|FL 265
|FL 260
|FL 255
|FL 250
|FL 245
|-
|24000
|FL 275
|FL 270
|FL 265
|FL 260
|FL 255
|FL 250
|FL 245
|FL 240
|-
|23500
|FL 270
|FL 265
|FL 260
|FL 255
|FL 250
|FL 245
|FL 240
|FL 235
|-
|23000
|FL 265
|FL 260
|FL 255
|FL 250
|FL 245
|FL 240
|FL 235
|FL 230
|-
|22500
|FL 260
|FL 255
|FL 250
|FL 245
|FL 240
|FL 235
|FL 230
|FL 225
|-
|22000
|FL 255
|FL 250
|FL 245
|FL 240
|FL 235
|FL 230
|FL 225
|FL 220
|-
|21500
|FL 250
|FL 245
|FL 240
|FL 235
|FL 230
|FL 225
|FL 220
|FL 215
|-
|21000
|FL 245
|FL 240
|FL 235
|FL 230
|FL 225
|FL 220
|FL 215
|FL 210
|-
|20500
|FL 240
|FL 235
|FL 230
|FL 225
|FL 220
|FL 215
|FL 210
|FL 205
|-
|20000
|FL 235
|FL 230
|FL 225
|FL 220
|FL 215
|FL 210
|FL 205
|FL 200
|-
|19500
|FL 230
|FL 225
|FL 220
|FL 215
|FL 210
|FL 205
|FL 200
|FL 195
|-
|19000
|FL 225
|FL 220
|FL 215
|FL 210
|FL 205
|FL 200
|FL 195
|FL 190
|-
|18500
|FL 220
|FL 215
|FL 210
|FL 205
|FL 200
|FL 195
|FL 190
|FL 185
|-
|18000
|FL 215
|FL 210
|FL 205
|FL 200
|FL 195
|FL 190
|FL 185
|FL 180
|-
|17500
|FL 210
|FL 205
|FL 200
|FL 195
|FL 190
|FL 185
|FL 180
|FL 175
|-
|17000
|FL 205
|FL 200
|FL 195
|FL 190
|FL 185
|FL 180
|FL 175
|FL 170
|-
|16500
|FL 200
|FL 195
|FL 190
|FL 185
|FL 180
|FL 175
|FL 170
|FL 165
|-
|16000
|FL 195
|FL 190
|FL 185
|FL 180
|FL 175
|FL 170
|FL 165
|FL 160
|-
|15500
|FL 190
|FL 185
|FL 180
|FL 175
|FL 170
|FL 165
|FL 160
|FL 155
|-
|15000
|FL 185
|FL 180
|FL 175
|FL 170
|FL 165
|FL 160
|FL 155
|FL 150
|-
|14500
|FL 180
|FL 175
|FL 170
|FL 165
|FL 160
|FL 155
|FL 150
|FL 145
|-
|14000
|FL 175
|FL 170
|FL 165
|FL 160
|FL 155
|FL 150
|FL 145
|FL 140
|-
|13500
|FL 170
|FL 165
|FL 160
|FL 155
|FL 150
|FL 145
|FL 140
|FL 135
|-
|13000
|FL 165
|FL 160
|FL 155
|FL 150
|FL 145
|FL 140
|FL 135
|FL 130
|-
|12500
|FL 160
|FL 155
|FL 150
|FL 145
|FL 140
|FL 135
|FL 130
|FL 125
|-
|12000
|FL 155
|FL 150
|FL 145
|FL 140
|FL 135
|FL 130
|FL 125
|FL 120
|-
|11500
|FL 150
|FL 145
|FL 140
|FL 135
|FL 130
|FL 125
|FL 120
|FL 115
|-
|11000
|FL 145
|FL 140
|FL 135
|FL 130
|FL 125
|FL 120
|FL 115
|FL 110
|-
|10500
|FL 140
|FL 135
|FL 130
|FL 125
|FL 120
|FL 115
|FL 110
|FL 105
|-
|10000
|FL 135
|FL 130
|FL 125
|FL 120
|FL 115
|FL 110
|FL 105
|FL 100
|-
|9500
|FL 130
|FL 125
|FL 120
|FL 115
|FL 110
|FL 105
|FL 100
|FL 95
|-
|9000
|FL 125
|FL 120
|FL 115
|FL 110
|FL 105
|FL 100
|FL 95
|FL 90
|-
|8500
|FL 120
|FL 115
|FL 110
|FL 105
|FL 100
|FL 95
|FL 90
|FL 85
|-
|8000
|FL 115
|FL 110
|FL 105
|FL 100
|FL 95
|FL 90
|FL 85
|FL 80
|-
|7500
|FL 110
|FL 105
|FL 100
|FL 95
|FL 90
|FL 85
|FL 80
|FL 75
|-
|7000
|FL 105
|FL 100
|FL 95
|FL 90
|FL 85
|FL 80
|FL 75
|FL 70
|-
|6500
|FL 100
|FL 95
|FL 90
|FL 85
|FL 80
|FL 75
|FL 70
|FL 65
|-
|6000
|FL 95
|FL 90
|FL 85
|FL 80
|FL 75
|FL 70
|FL 65
|FL 60
|-
|5500
|FL 90
|FL 85
|FL 80
|FL 75
|FL 70
|FL 65
|FL 60
|FL 55
|-
|5000
|FL 85
|FL 80
|FL 75
|FL 70
|FL 65
|FL 60
|FL 55
|FL 50
|-
|4500
|FL 80
|FL 75
|FL 70
|FL 65
|FL 60
|FL 55
|FL 50
|FL 45
|-
|4000
|FL 75
|FL 70
|FL 65
|FL 60
|FL 55
|FL 50
|FL 45
|FL 40
|-
|3500
|FL 70
|FL 65
|FL 60
|FL 55
|FL 50
|FL 45
|FL 40
|FL 35
|-
|3000
|FL 65
|FL 60
|FL 55
|FL 50
|FL 45
|FL 40
|FL 35
|FL 30
|-
|2500
|FL 60
|FL 55
|FL 50
|FL 45
|FL 40
|FL 35
|FL 30
|FL 25
|-
|2000
|FL 55
|FL 50
|FL 45
|FL 40
|FL 35
|FL 30
|FL 25
|FL 20
|-
|1500
|FL 50
|FL 45
|FL 40
|FL 35
|FL 30
|FL 25
|FL 20
|FL 15
|-
|1000
|FL 45
|FL 40
|FL 35
|FL 30
|FL 25
|FL 20
|FL 15
|FL 10
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+
! colspan="9" |GROUPS OF TA VALUES FOR CONTROLLED AERODROMES IN TÜRKİYE
TRANSITION LEVEL CONVERSION TABLE
|-
!TRANSITION ALTITUDE
! colspan="8" |CORRESPONDING TRANSITION LEVEL (TL) / FLIGHT LEVEL
|-
!FEET
!940-946
!947-962
!963-979
!980-996
!997-1012
!1013-1029
!1030-1046
!1047-1050
|-
|19000
|FL 225
|FL 220
|FL 215
|FL 210
|FL 205
|FL 200
|FL 195
|FL 190
|-
|17000
|FL 205
|FL 200
|FL 195
|FL 190
|FL 185
|FL 180
|FL 175
|FL 170
|-
|15000
|FL 185
|FL 180
|FL 175
|FL 170
|FL 165
|FL 160
|FL 155
|FL 150
|-
|12000
|FL 155
|FL 150
|FL 145
|FL 140
|FL 135
|FL 130
|FL 125
|FL 120
|-
|10000
|FL 135
|FL 130
|FL 125
|FL 120
|FL 115
|FL 110
|FL 105
|FL 100
|}

== References ==
Turkish AIP ENR-1.7

Transition Level Conversion Table

2024-08-22T17:51:01Z

Trvacc:

Transition Level Conversion Table

2024-08-22T17:48:27Z

Trvacc:

2024-08-15T02:52:42Z

Trvacc:

== Editing Flight Plans ==

=== '''1. Important Consideration:''' ===
'''Note''': We only check the section of the route that is within Turkey. Anything outside of Turkey is not our concern.

=== '''2. Altitudes:'''===
Right-click on the destination to open the flight plan.

'''Check the Direction of Flight:'''

'''Westbound''': Must fly at an even level (e.g., FL320, FL340, FL360).

'''Eastbound''': Must fly at an odd level (e.g., FL310, FL330, FL350, FL370).

=== Example: ===
If traffic is flying LTFM-EDDF and has filed FL350, note that Frankfurt is west of Istanbul, so the traffic must fly at an even level. You can correct this using the following phraseology:

"THY5EV, Istanbul Ground, hello. Flying westbound, '''I can offer you FL340 or FL360'''."

(Since '''FL350 is requested, it makes sense to suggest one level lower and one higher as the correct FL'''.)

The traffic will either confirm or request a different level. Once you have a level, say:

"THY5EV, roger, '''final level updated to FL340'''."

== SIDs ==

=== '''1. If the Traffic Does NOT Have a SID in the Departure List:''' ===

=== '''2. Check the Route:''' ===
- In the white flight plan dialogue (open by right-clicking on Destination), you can see a route section divided into two parts: the filed route and the filed route with waypoints in the airways.

=== '''3. Finding a Valid Waypoint:''' ===
- Upper Section: Check the upper route section for a valid waypoint for a SID. If you find one, delete whatever is in front of it (IF YOU DON'T, APP or CTR WILL STILL SEE THE WEIRD ROUTE). You can now close the white box, and the rest will be done automatically.

- Lower Section: If you don't find a valid waypoint in the upper section, check the lower section. On the right side of the waypoint, you'll see the airway it is in. Find that airway in the upper section, replace the waypoint in front of the airway with the valid waypoint, and again, delete anything in front of the valid waypoint. You can now close the white box, and the rest will be done automatically.

- Coordinate if Necessary: If you still can't find anything, coordinate with the upper sector to give the traffic radar vectors. If there is no upper sector, replace the SID and put "as filed" (e.g., "Cleared to destination XX, as filed, runway XX...").

=== '''4. Notify the Pilot:''' ===
- Let the pilot know about the changes by saying:

"THY9BC, cleared to XX via RATVU4D departure, after RATVU, UT35 AYT then as filed, runway 35L, climb 5,000 feet, squawk 6412."

If the pilot doesn't understand, type it out.

{{DEFAULTSORT
}}

== Airways ==

=== '''1. Upper Airways:''' ===
- Airways with a "U" in front of them are upper airways, valid only above FL285.

=== '''2. Level Change:''' ===
- If traffic is flying at FL280 but has filed an upper airway, change their level to a valid one, such as FL300.

=== '''3. Filing Lower Airways:''' ===
- If the traffic cannot accept the higher level, instruct them to file a route with lower airways.

- Example:
- Upper Airway: UT35
- Lower Airway: T35

{{DEFAULTSORT
}}

2024-08-15T02:48:37Z

Trvacc: change this amending flight plans page

Amending Flight Plans

2024-08-15T02:41:38Z

2024-08-15T02:34:47Z

Trvacc: edäit how to euroscope

Welcome to TRvACC Official Wiki!

A lot of the pages are being build as of right now so please bear in mind with us as we update the pages. If you want to contribute to this wiki, please email us at staff@trvacc.net! We would love to see you with us!

== Ankara FIR | LTAA ==

* [[Antalya Airport|'''LTAI - Antalya Airport''']]
* [[Ankara Esenboğa Airport|LTAC - Ankara Esenboğa Airport]]

== Istanbul FIR | LTBB ==

* [[Istanbul Airport|'''LTFM - Istanbul Airport''']]

* [[Sabiha Gokcen Airport|'''LTFJ -''' '''Sabiha Gokcen Airport''']]
* [[Dalaman Airport|'''LTBS - Dalaman Airport''']]

== Euroscope ==

* [[How to Use EuroScope|'''How to use Euroscope''']]

[[File:Trvacc logo transparent.png|left|625x625px]]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Home}}
[[Category:Home]]

How to Use EuroScope

2024-08-15T02:33:06Z

Trvacc:

== How to use EuroScope ==

=== '''1. Sector File Updates:''' ===
- Go to sector file updates and ensure you have the correct EuroScope version and the latest sector files.

=== '''2. Initial Setup:''' ===
- Open EuroScope, click on '''Other SET''' at the top, and disable '''"Auto Load Last Profile"''' and '''"Auto Save Profile on Exit."'''

=== '''3. Selecting Sector Files:''' ===
- Reopen EuroScope, go to your sector files, and select '''one''' of the following:

- '''GRP Mode S/GRP Mode''' [OBS/DEL/GND/TWR] (LTAC, LTAI, LTBJ, LTBS, LTCG, LTFE, LTFH, LTFJ, LTFM)

- '''ACC-APP''' [OBS/DEL/GND/TWR/APP/ACC] (Mainly used for APP/ACC)

=== '''4. Switching Between Airports in GRP:''' ===
- In GRP, use '''F1 + [number]''' (e.g., F1 + 1) to switch between airports. Click on the runway sign at the top of EuroScope and select arrival/departure runways.

- In ACC-APP, you can view every airport. To see the STAR, click on the runway sign at the top of EuroScope, select the airport, and set arrival/departure runways.

=== '''5. Connecting to EuroScope:''' ===
- Click on '''CONNECT''' at the top left and fill out all the information:

- '''Callsign:''' [initials (the first letter of ur name)]_OBS (eg. '''GA'''_OBS "'''Gursel ALP'''_OBS")

- '''Certificate''': Your CID (eg. 1598381)

- '''Password:''' Your VATSIM password

- '''Server:''' Auto

- '''Rating:''' OBS (if no ATC rating available)

- '''Facility:''' Observer

{{DEFAULTSORT:How to use EuroScope}}